Thursday, December 26, 2019

Terrorism The Toughest Issue Facing the US Essay

Among the security issues facing the United Stated in this age of change and turmoil, terrorism is the most challenging. This is not only due to the nature of terrorism itself, but also to the deliberately narrow focus of the US government and the ways it chose to address this threat. Three major aspects support this thesis. First, Terrorism is an old protean threat with which mankind has always had trouble coping. This often results in people emotionally overreacting. Also, ways taken by the American administration, driven by the wounds of 9/11, focus too much on Al Qaida, even when it is clear that many more terrorist groups are threatening the United States. These ways of dealing with terrorism are not fully relevant and could be easily†¦show more content†¦Given the limited â€Å"conventional† means at their disposal, they use asymmetrical attacks against the system for effect to garner support for their cause. Terrorism is purely a tactic to serve a greater cause . There are as many terrorist groups as there are causes and not all terrorist attacks are directed against the US. Several well-known groups like Irish Republican Army (IRA) or Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) are for instance established in Europe. IRA operates primarily in the UK; ETA operates mainly in France and Spain. Each group fighting for its particular cause, employing different methods, in various places and with different internal organizations makes it impossible to generalize. Their versatility is an integral part of their nature and helps them fit into their time. As a result of their adaptability, they greatly benefit from globalization and new media for recruiting and publicizing their actions. Despite major attacks such as 9/11, London7, Madrid, the effects of terrorism are not as horrific as one would believe. In terms of probability, we have less chance to die from a terrorist attack than from many other causes of death that could easily be avoided. Data releasedShow MoreRelatedGun Control Policy Debate1257 Words   |  6 PagesAfter eight years of Gov. Chris Christies tumultuous tenure, a period marked by great promise and neglect, New Jersey is facing daunting fiscal challenges. The public employee pension system is troubled despite a landmark fix in 2001, the transit system is crumbling into Third World status, and the public school funding law has never been properly funded. These menacing problems could only be resolved through a just and able governor who would be able to fix and develop intellectual solutions toRead MoreLockheed Martin SWOT Paper1438 Words   |  6 Pagesits most important customer. The following is a summary of the challenges and issues facing Lockheed Martin Corporation as the company and Marillyn Hewson, the CEO, face cuts to their revenue by the United States Department of Defense, which accounts for 83% of their total revenue. Their challenge is to maintain the profitability and integrity of the company. This report will discuss the three key issues facing Lockheed Martin, which are; the U.S government makes up too much of their revenueRead MoreTerrorism And Cultural Differences Between India And Its Neighboring Countries2588 Words   |  11 PagesTerrorism is one of the biggest and very dangerous problems in the world. Terrorism created a great problem to most of the nation’s above all common people suffering because of their cruelty and mindless acts. Today in this paper I want to discuss about terrorist attacks on India because of cultural differences between India and its neighboring countries. Terrorism or terrorist attacks mostly causes becau se of cultural hatred, religious hatred, hatred on other countries and many more reasons. MostRead MoreGun Control And Border Security2025 Words   |  9 Pagesof the major problems Texas is facing these days. 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Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Gender Inequality Women And Women - 1103 Words

There are hundreds and thousands of athletes all around the world but the main problem in the athlete world is gender inequality, women are not shown equal as men. They are discriminated in many ways such as pay, employment opportunities, value of women s sport, media coverage etc. Despite the federal law passed called Title IX that â€Å"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination. there is still gender inequality women are considered less than men. No matter what happens people will always have inequality against men and women because of the environment they live in and how they were raised. Women are discriminated in the sports†¦show more content†¦They are not given the same amount of support to pursue an athletic career as men. Moreover, according to Kelsey Clark she has stated in her blog that â€Å"The very highest paid female soccer athletes, including the United States’ Alex Morgan, make only around a half million playing soccer. The highest paid men, in contrast, can earn more than $50 million for their salary and other winnings†. This demonstrates that women athletes are being paid low which is not fair at all and women are back off they are not treated equally as they deserve more than what they get and have more talent but it s hidden because of the inequality. Women have careers in every job field such as business, science but in sports they do not have opportunities to go ahead and pursue a successful career. If we think about it in school, sport teams there are more men coaches than women there are barely any female coaches out there that are teaching others any sport. 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Monday, December 9, 2019

Homework Writing and Discussion Board

Question: Case Analysis: McDonalds Write asummaryof the case study. In your summary, be sure to discuss the external environment in which McDonalds operates and how the environment influences its strategy. Case Analysis: Google Write asummaryof the case study. In your paperexplainhow Google analyzed their value chain for the purpose of determining where they were able to create value when using theirresources,capabiltitesandcore competencies. Case Analysis: Porsche Write a summary of the case study. In your summary be sure to include a discussion of Porsche's competitors, competitive rivalry, competitive behavior, and competitive dynamics. Case Analysis: Domino's Write a summary of the case study. Be sure to discuss reasons why Domino's would use an acquisition strategy to achieve strategic competitiveness. Answer: Case study analysis of McDonald The external environment in which McDonalds operates and how the environment influences its strategy For the continuous success of McDonald it was seen that the company transported its business strategy to the other countries. The company used this formula to enter the other countries over the years. McDonald had a vision of one world one taste. Thus it wanted to expand to the countries that were English and were more acceptable to the American culture. There were many countries that were selling stuffs according to the American culture, and McDonald was one of those countries (annual report, 2013). They believed that if they incorporated the food of the other country than they would lose their identity. Thus they faced many problems since they had underestimated the impact of the cultures of the host country on the restaurant. There were other issues like the fatty food and the mad cow disease that had made a negative impact on the image of the company. The problem of standardization of McDonald was another problem that they faced. The company was growing at a rapid pace and they needed the infrastructure in the restaurant but there were no adequate arrangements in the restaurants. More over there were no good suppliers in the foreign land and since it was the key to the standardization, they faced quite a problem. The joint ventures that they had in the foreign countries had made them difficult to supervise all the locations in the foreign countries which made them less profitable in the other countries rather than their domestic counterparts (Marketing at McDonalds, 2015). According to Skinner, the company needs to become more connected to the global customers. Over time the company had significance variance in the strategic actions in the different countries. To introduce the variation they started to utilize the local suppliers in order to upgrade the operations (McDonalds Environmental Strategy, 2015). The company even encourage regional experimentation with t eh menu in order to align with the local taste of the people. More over the company hold events n the host countries. They allow the customer to visit the kitchen and meet the suppliers and the executives of the company. With the success of the company after so many struggles in the various countries, they are now influenced with the growing magnitude of impact that the culture has on the company. Due to the size and the influence that the company has, it has received a more public attention that is both positive and negative. It is seen that they can generate great strain on the infrastructure every where it operates. The company began to experience great deal violence and vandalism since the firm was a symbol of western culture, thus to remove this tag they started to do a lot of socially responsible activities. They have also entered into several productive relationships with the non-governmental organizations. The company works effectively with the NGOs in an attempt to improve and better track the effects of its operations on both the suppliers as well as customers. Case study analysis of Google Explainhow Google analyzed their value chain for the purpose of determining where they were able to create value when using theirresources, capabilitiesandcore competencies It was seen that within a period of less than 13 years Google has become a giant company and are a general name that have strongly got connected with the people. It is one of the trusted search engines and the word itself has become a synonym of search. People say Google the word if you are not finding it. It is seen that the Googles page ranking is the yard stick against which most internet companies are measured ('Business under threat, technology under attack, ethics under fire: the experience of Google in China', 2013). The success of the company lies on the fact that they constantly use its competencies in order to challenge the strategies of the worlds leading technological innovations. as the company ventures further into the growth phase of the life cycle and diversify its business into various new segments, there are various challenges that that the company faces. The company needs to identify the optimal mix of resources and also the capabilities in order to manage the growth of the android mobile operating system. They need to decide on the strategies that it will adopt in order to tackle situation in countries with out with drawing the business from the country. The competitive industry in which the company operates cannot be simplified classified in simple terms; it includes a wide array of products and services that revolve around on the opportunities brought about the coming of the internet ('Google grows on people', 2013). There are various competitors of Google in the market which range from Yahoo, Microsoft and apple. It is seen that these companies are diversified and they include several industries and the common goal of all the companies is to provide innovative product to the customers. There are main four areas on which the company focuses in order to maintain a competitive advantage over the others; they are search, advertising, apps and mobile In todays world it is seen that technology plays an important role for the companies like Google, apple, Microsoft etc. it is so because the people are using the internet technology more than ever. The server hardware are another important commodity that the company needs. It is interesting to see that the Google does not purchase the servers rather they build their own. Google went on to become the fourth largest manufacture of servers in the world. It is seen that most of the companies uses large storage arrays that come at a cost higher than the standard desktop computer storage. But Google does not follow the trends and they use a low price, high redundancy model, where the individual drivers are very inexpensive and are expected to fail. It is seen that Google pays very little for the bandwidth due to the large scale purchase of the dark fibers (Strategic Capability, 2007). In case of search the company the company seeks continuous advancements in terms of global access, ease of use, useful commercial information and improving the web, as they grew they grew they targeted the areas of satellite imaging, better products, increased traffic, and appeal to the advertisers. The AdWords and the AdSense are the two main advertising product of the company. Through this they provide much targeted, cost effective and very successful methods if advertising to the users. Moreover the apps and the mobile that they have are making the company strong in the market and a sought after company in terms of the product and the service they provide. Case study analysis of Porsche A discussion of Porsche's competitors, competitive rivalry, competitive behavior, and competitive dynamics Porsche is a successful car maker and it has been so over the last century, though there were certain financial crises that they felt. It was forced to hand over the keys to VW and they wanted to use the Porsche's expertise in order to assist the other brands that were there under the VW umbrella. The VW family wanted to expand the product line of Porsche as well as increase the production of the cars. But there arises questions as to whether they will increase the product line and how they would combat the problem of brand dilution. There are several problems that they are facing apart from the tough competition of the sports car from other brands like the Audi and Lamborghini ('Competitive rivalry', 2014). The sports car industry had also faced the economic crisis of the 20th century, and Porsche competes in a market segment where few companies can compete. The caliber with which the cars are made requires size and a lot of capital investment. Thus there are low new entries in the market and the old companies have most of the market share. It is seen that the technology are not in the grasp of the company, thus it has forged partnerships to keep its business on cutting edge. Porsche realized that the preferences of the people are changing and they need to diversify in other segments. Though there was many oppositions from the people as diversification would hamper the image of Porsche, it had decided to include the SUV called the Cayenne under their umbrella (Weihrich, 2015). It is seen that the sports car manufacturing company faces a very complicated competition. There are various obstacles that the management team of Porsche had to overcome. There are various types of sports car that the company manufactures for the various markets. Porsche focuses on the quality and not on the quantity thus after so many years of operation it only has five varieties of cars to offer to the people (AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY ANALYSIS, 2015). They have introduced recently two models in the year 2002 and 2009, the Cayenne and the Panamera respectively. The main competitors of Cayenne are the BMW X6 M, Mercedes Benz ML63 AMG and Audi Q7. Whereas the Panamera has competitors lik e BMW M5, Mercedes Benz S65 AMG and the Audi S8. These two cars target the luxury vehicle and the SUV market segment and the Boxster, Cayman, and 911 targets the sports car segment. Porsche has always been a high achiever and they have exceeded the expectation of the people all the time. Thus they are ideal to meet the needs of the people at different stages of life. The strategy of the company to maintain the quality, the craftsmanship, and the excellent engineering had made them keep their good brand image and finally it was the strategy of the company to emphasize on the design, research and development of technology and the right marketing of the cars that had made it possible for them to maintain the reputation for the commitment to excellence. Case study analysis of Dominos Discuss reasons why Domino's would use an acquisition strategy to achieve strategic competitiveness. Dominos is a strong player in the pizza market both in the US domestic market as well as in the international market. The company operates in 63 countries and is in the second position after pizza hut and is the number one in the pizza delivery. It was seen that the company was suffering from decreased domestic revenue from the period of 2005 and 2009. The company was suffering from a negative reputation in the market place. In order to stay in the market they adopted a strategy to address the complaints of taste deficiency and the preference of the people for the fresh products. There were additions in the menu and new items like pasta, taco, chicken wings and chocolate lava cakes in the year 2011. Dominos has tried to carve out a niche for itself in case of ordering and delivering the pizza (Building Competitive Advantage, 2015). The company has brought out the e-commerce efforts in the ordering and the delivery process so that they can respond to the needs and expectation of the p eople. There are three different types of segments that drive the sales and the growth of the company. They are the domestic stores, domestic supply chain services and international. In the domestic segment there are 454 company owned stores and 4475 franchised stores. The franchise stores are operated by the entrepreneurs in each of them operates on an average four locations. It is seen that the domestic supply chain segment consists of producing the dough on a daily basis, as well as deliver the pizza related food to all the franchise stores. It is seen that the company os the fourth largest brand in the publicly sourced traded restaurant brands. There is a network of 4422 international franchise stores that they have that are located throughout the world. There are number of companies that operate in the market place like Pizza Hut, Papa Johns, Little Caesars, etc which offer tough competition to Dominos apart from the other small locally owned pizza companies (Henry, 2010). Since there are various countries in which Dominos operates, it would be beneficial for the company to make acquisitions in the domestic as well as the foreign market in order to have a strategic edge over the competitors. They will be able to identify the preference of the local people and can use the products of the company under their brand name in order to attract more people. The acquisition will be beneficial since they will have the idea of the operation in a new country where they are planning to start their business, thus this would reduce the cost of the company in terms of the cost otherwise spent for the setting up of a new store in an unknown area. at the end of the year 2010, it was seen that they have a significant gain as a result of the market pos ition and the advertising, thus they can make acquisition in order to increase the market share in the domestic as well as the international market (Le Pashut, 2015). Though there are problem that they will face due to the rising cost of the food and gasoline, the increased rate of unemployment and the diminished rate of disposable income, the company need to keep their strategy strong and take up the challenges in order to remain in the market. References annual report. (2013) (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/content/dam/AboutMcDonalds/Investors/McDs2013AnnualReport.pdf AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY ANALYSIS. (2015) (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.srl.gatech.edu/Members/bbradley/me6753.industryanalysis.teamA.pdf Building Competitive Advantage. (2015) (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.swlearning.com/pdfs/chapter/0324226217_1.PDF Business under threat, technology under attack, ethics under fire: the experience of Google in China. (2013).Strategic Direction,29(5). doi:10.1108/sd.2013.05629eaa.006 Competitive rivalry. (2014).Veterinary Record,174(Suppl_1), 7-7. doi:10.1136/vr.g344 Google grows on people. (2013).Strategic Direction,29(9), 16-18. doi:10.1108/sd-08-2013-0052 Henry, J. (2010).Dominos Pizza(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www2.dsu.nodak.edu/users/rbutz/International%20Business/pdf/sample_s10case.pdf Le, T., Pashut, T. (2015).DOMINOS The Turnaround(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.econ.ucla.edu/sboard/teaching/tech/Dominos.pdf Marketing at McDonalds. (2015) (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.mcdonalds.co.uk/content/dam/McDonaldsUK/People/Schools-and-students/mcd_marketing.pdf McDonalds Environmental Strategy. (2015) (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.umich.edu/~nppcpub/resources/compendia/CORPpdfs/CORPcaseA.pdf Strategic Capability. (2007) (3rd ed.). Retrieved from https://catalogue.pearsoned.co.uk/assets/hip/images/catalog/uploads/ECS8_C03.pdf Weihrich, H. (2015).ANALYZING THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF GERMANY(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.usfca.edu/fac_staff/weihrichh/docs/germany.pdf

Monday, December 2, 2019

Time Stood Still by William Stanley Essay Example For Students

Time Stood Still by William Stanley Essay Time stood still is a short story written by William Stanley, its a descriptive piece written during the London Blitz. The description of the night shift these men had to go through is very challenging therefore makes it a story you should read. The narrator describes than night as one he would never forget, through all the demanding activities he had to overcome, from the big wall falling to how he lost one of his friends and how the others fought for survival. In the following essay I will be looking at the four aspects that one may come across while analyzing this poem. First we will be looking at the emotions that the author is portraying in this story, we will discover that humor is hidden in this passage also, the last two aspects we will be covering would be the repetition that is used quite a lot and last but not least how dramatically the author changes the routine of these boys from a quite night to fighting to survive whilst putting out fires. We will write a custom essay on Time Stood Still by William Stanley specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Whilst reading this short story, through out the whole episode of fighting for survival, the fireman does not show any emotion or feelings toward the situation that is being handed over to him. He does not express his emotions in any particular way at all, he expresses hes gratitude for his victory by simply saying we had been lucky (paragraph. 13) gives us the impression that he modestly is not afraid, this act may come from being a fire fighter. His feeling are hidden up inside, even his home does not give much affect to him, as London is being bombed and his neighbors are dying each night, he keeps his head clear. To me this indicates that maybe the author wants might want to approach our feelings with no emotions showing us that feeling may be too much to handle, both being a fire-fighter and living in the age where there is war. This short story has a great deal of humor hidden in the comers as I have recently discovered. You may not see it at first but if you look closely it will no longer be a secret. It is not something you automatically pick up whilst reading the first time, but along the way it becomes an instant catch. A few enquiring bombs It ives us the impression that the bombs are actually talking and asking permission, asking us where they are allowed to land, this of course is very unrealistic, and therefore gives a slight humor in it. Another sort of funny comment made in the story would be At the back of my mind as a picture of the air-raid season this shows us that the author is tries to give us a sense of humor, he makes it sound like it is a natural thing, like the blossoming flowers in spring etc, however this is like the season of dropping bombs. It wont be very funny the fist time reading it but if you look closely, nonetheless the punch line seems very tragic as it is not normal for there to be any air-raid season. The author makes it easy for us to imagine the surroundings he is being pressed up against, repetition is used a lot in this short story, this makes the descriptions of each scene more intense. In (paragraph 9) we see the repetition where he keeps repeting the words probably it never did. Probabaly it only seemed to hang there. Probably my eyes digested its action at an early period of momentum, so that I saw it off ture but before has gathered speed (line 92-94) as suppose, the signifies that maybe the narrator is unaware of something therefore is speaking like this, the reasons may be caused from all his experience that he starts to see things that may not be there. .u8e0e90f9b06cfd3e702ecbf8250bb12c , .u8e0e90f9b06cfd3e702ecbf8250bb12c .postImageUrl , .u8e0e90f9b06cfd3e702ecbf8250bb12c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8e0e90f9b06cfd3e702ecbf8250bb12c , .u8e0e90f9b06cfd3e702ecbf8250bb12c:hover , .u8e0e90f9b06cfd3e702ecbf8250bb12c:visited , .u8e0e90f9b06cfd3e702ecbf8250bb12c:active { border:0!important; } .u8e0e90f9b06cfd3e702ecbf8250bb12c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8e0e90f9b06cfd3e702ecbf8250bb12c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8e0e90f9b06cfd3e702ecbf8250bb12c:active , .u8e0e90f9b06cfd3e702ecbf8250bb12c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8e0e90f9b06cfd3e702ecbf8250bb12c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8e0e90f9b06cfd3e702ecbf8250bb12c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8e0e90f9b06cfd3e702ecbf8250bb12c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8e0e90f9b06cfd3e702ecbf8250bb12c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8e0e90f9b06cfd3e702ecbf8250bb12c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8e0e90f9b06cfd3e702ecbf8250bb12c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8e0e90f9b06cfd3e702ecbf8250bb12c .u8e0e90f9b06cfd3e702ecbf8250bb12c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8e0e90f9b06cfd3e702ecbf8250bb12c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay Question An Inspector CallsAnother repetition that we come across is I suppose, I suppose etc (paragraph. ) is one of the repetitions we see through the story, the narrator says this when the narrator describes the monotony of the job and what they are faced up against everyday, the I suppose makes us think that the fireman does not remember the incident that has happened a few nights before their life changing experience, because of this unawareness he was almost killed. The last aspect that I will be presenting is how dramatically the changes in the normal routines of the fireman is, already in the first paragraph we see that the narrator points out the routine of their job as fireman by simply saying It was our third job that night. line 1). This gives us the impression to us, the readers that the fireman has been working hard all night. We then are introduced to the chores that the fireman are forced to complete each day ever since, the balzing London blitz has begun, everything for them has become so normal as they say it that they are so bored of doing the same thing almost everyday until this thing happened, work had been without incident. (line 2) up until the moment he was nearly killed his life has been the same, from that moment on he knew everything would never be the same again. The turning point in this gives a whole new side to the scenario of the story. I was thinking of nothing at all and then I was thinking of everything in the world (line 45-47) at this point the narrator realizes how important his life is to him. It is very noticeable for us, the readers to know that the narrator describes every single detail of his journey, it gives us the impression that the author has categorized his descriptions. Overall this life treating experience was a joy to read.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Favoritism in the Media

Favoritism in the Media Introduction We live in an integrated society where various elements color our view and understanding of what goes on around us. Social sciences provide us with tools for better understanding and relating in contemporary society. A good understanding of the foundation from which the social issues spring leads to better perception as well as judgment when dealing with the contemporary issues in real life.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Favoritism in the Media specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the social issues that affects and influences almost every aspect of our lives is the media. The influence that the media wields in our lives is very significant. Gentz and Kramer articulate that the media provides the backdrop against which we make sense of any new conditions and information that we encounter in a world that is increasingly becoming globalized (32). Ideally, the media is expected to be fair, unbi ased; and without prejudices and should deliver whatever news and stories that are of value both to the public and the ones concerned. However, these ideals are not always lived up to and there are numerous instances where the media has been accused of favoritism in reporting events. This paper shall argue that the media is indeed guilty of favoritism in its news reporting and coverage of events. To buttress this assertion, this paper shall review how the media covers disasters in different regions as well as media representation of political affairs. Favoritism in Media Reports Perhaps one of the incidents in which the media has shown outright bias is in the report of terror events. In post 9/11 America, terror and terrorist attacks have gained prominence on a previously unprecedented scale. Incidents of terror plots or terror acts have therefore become very newsworthy and a lot of report efforts have been dedicated to the same. However, Moeller notes that the terror events that oc cur within American soil are given immense coverage regardless of their scale while those that occur in other nations are given little coverage and indeed covered in a sporadic manner (174). Considering the fact that some of this terror attacks are of unimaginable proportions and affect thousands or even hundreds of thousands of people, this treatment by the media is unjustified. To counter this claim, it might be argued that terror incidents that do not directly affect American citizens are not of much importance to them. While this may be true, media houses which claim to be international should not discriminate since they are supposedly addressing a global audience.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The commercial incentive for media houses to concentrate on some incidents and not others is very obvious. Considering the fact that the biggest share of viewers is in America, it makes sense for the media to try and obtain the view-ship of this group. Van Belle reveals that commercial imperatives factor in on the decision of whether a disaster is newsworthy (50). For example, in the coverage of Hurricane Katrina, Moeller reveals that cable television networks CNN and Fox, both of which had invested heavily in the coverage of the disaster by sending scores of staffers both experienced significant rises in viewers (183). CNN recorded a 336% increase in its viewership while MBNBC recorded a 379 increase. While it might be argued that the media has a right to try and ensure that they remain profitable, this should only be secondary to sound and unbiased media coverage. Media favoritism is not limited to disasters but also extends to other faucets of life such as politics. Barker and Lawrence reveal that claims of media favoritism in American politics have been around for decades (4). This favoritism is especially evident between the media and p articular candidates. Barker and Lawrence accuse the media of telling us what to think especially in forums whereby journalists were welcome to express their opinions or critical observation on political events. The media reinforces attitudes and behaviors and as such, a reporter’s opinions and attitude will rub on the general population thus coloring their view of some events (Gentz and Kramer 36). This kind of bias is therefore likely to sway the opinion of the public and in effect, influence how they vote. While the media is supposed to be an unbiased and objective reporter of information to the public, sometimes the media has vested interests in the manner in which they report. The media is at times used to propagate propaganda or indeed manipulate public opinion. Barker and Lawrence theorized that when reporting on incidences, the media is more inclined to major on the information that is more dramatic and catchy (7). As such, a presidential candidate who is considered a s a rebel might be given unmerited coverage just for the sake of sensationalism. In addition to this, talk radio has also been known to influence the outcome of elections by attacking certain candidates or praising others. Defending the Media While the media has been accused of favoritism when presenting information, sometimes there are incidents which are both newsworthy and the media just chooses the more significant one. Moeller demonstrates that in some instances, some disasters just have the bad luck to occur at a moment when a more telegenic disaster was already capturing global attention (173).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Favoritism in the Media specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The media professionals in charge of choosing which disaster is presented to the public therefore lack the means to give both disasters equal attention. As such, the media is not guilty of favoring one over the other but r ather the timing results in one of the tragedys playing second fiddle to the other. Moeller also demonstrates that it is difficult for the media to keep the public interested in long-running humanitarian crises such as the war in Darfur and Congo or the HIV/AIDS epidemic inasmuch as these events have and continue to claim millions of lives (180). For this reason, the media opts to cover more sensational disasters such as the tsunami which happen instantaneously and capture the imagination people. In some instances, the technical and structural feasibility of news flow helps or impedes the media reporting efforts. As such, the media is neutral and it is the location factor that dictates whether there will be media coverage of events in that area. Van Belle theorizes that countries with well-developed communications infrastructure therefore gain more coverage than those that do not have any communications infrastructure or have badly developed ones (52). It is therefore unreasonable t o expect the media powerhouses to report incidents on the same level in the differing locations. If incidents of the same magnitude and newsworthiness occur in two respective regions; one with good communication lines and the other region possessing no communication infrastructure, the media will mostly likely lean on the place with good infrastructure. As it would be, America has a superior communication infrastructure especially when compared to developing nations. For this reason, the media reports for American incidents can only be expected to be significantly more frequent and detailed that those from the developing nations. It is logical for the media to report on those issues that will be deemed as relevant and of some interest by the viewers. The media should therefore not be blamed for focusing on the disasters that have some direct bearing to Americans such as the hurricane Katrina incident or the fate of US Marines in Iraq. Should the media decide to ignore this conventio nal wisdom and report on issues that are alien to Americans and to which they cannot relate, the media will end up being irrelevant and people will end up switching to other news providing avenues to sate their informational needs.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Discussion The media tends to report social policy issues in a highly critical manner and fails to give the issue the attention they deserve. Instead, the media is more inclined to report on more sensational issues such as insecurity, disasters and scandals. This assertion holds true considering the reporting space that issues that are controversial in nature are awarded compared to the rather mundane issues of social policy. However, even when reporting on these sensational issues, the media does not do so in a balanced manner. As far as disasters are concerned, defining what is an important disaster or crises is at best a very hard task since there are no set guidelines as to what makes up such a disaster. Despite this being the case, this paper has demonstrated that in most cases, the media is guilty of covering the disasters that it deems most likely to be watched by their audience. This has some negative effect since international relief efforts by the government and non-govern mental organization require justification before they can commence. Van Belle documents that the media is arguably the most valuable information source used to justify relief efforts to distant countries (50). As such, reports on disaster by the media correlate with the amount of aid that a disaster accrues. The reality is that high death tolls or even unthinkable violence do not guarantee media attention. This reality has resulted in some disasters where international aid and goodwill which can only be brought by expanded media coverage not getting the coverage they need. This has resulted in continued suffering and misery by the victims. In some cases, the suffering is unnecessary since it would have been alleviated if the public had been privy of what was going on. As such, the favoritism employed by the media in these instances is detrimental for the well being of the victims of the disasters. Despite the many negative aspects of the media that this paper has dwelt on, there are many positive attributes that the media advances for the betterment of the society. It is through the advocacy of the media that the public get to know of people in need of our help. In times of disaster, the media appeals to the public’s altruism as it solicits for funds to aid those who had been adversely affected by the disaster. The media has also been known to publicize government corruption therefore leading to greater accountability and transparency by those in power. Conclusion This paper has argued that the media exhibits favoritism in its reporting. To reinforce this claim, this paper has discussed some instances where the media reports in a biased manner. It has been noted that incidents are not given the same amount of coverage in that journalists do at times express their own biased opinions. It has also been documented that the actions of the media are not always driven by objectivity or public interest but the need for increased view-ship which translates to p rofits. This paper has also indicated that sometimes the favoritism in reporting is necessary so as to ensure that the viewers are given information that they deem as necessary. However, the media should purpose to report in a fair and unbiased manner so as to ensure its credibility and continued relevance to society. Barker, David and Lawrence, Adam. Media favoritism in presidential primaries: reviving the direct effects model. 11 Mar, 2004. Web. Gentz, Natascha and Kramer, Stefan. Globalization, Cultural Identities, and Media Representations. SUNY Press, 2006. Print. Moeller, Susan D. â€Å"’Regarding the pain of others’. Media, bias and the coverage of international disasters†. 2006. Journal of International Affairs. Vol. 59, no. 2, 2006. Van Belle, Douglas. â€Å"A New York Times and Network TV news coverage of foreign disasters: the significance of the insignificant variables†. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly. vol. 77, No. 1, 2000.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

A Short History of the Nazi Party

A Short History of the Nazi Party The Nazi Party was a political party in Germany, led by Adolf Hitler from 1921 to 1945, whose central tenets included the supremacy of the Aryan people and blaming Jews and others for the problems within Germany. These extreme beliefs eventually led to World War II and the Holocaust. At the end of World War II, the Nazi Party was declared illegal by the occupying Allied Powers and officially ceased to exist in May 1945. (The name â€Å"Nazi† is actually a shortened version of the party’s full name: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP, which translates to â€Å"National Socialist German Workers’ Party.†) Party Beginnings In the immediate post-World War I period, Germany was the scene of widespread political infighting between groups representing the far left and far right. The Weimar Republic (the name of the German government from the end of WWI to 1933) was struggling as a result of its tarnished birth accompanied by the Treaty of Versailles and the fringe groups seeking to take advantage of this political unrest. It was in this environment that a locksmith, Anton Drexler, joined together with his journalist friend, Karl Harrer, and two other individuals (journalist Dietrich Eckhart and German economist Gottfried Feder) to create a right-wing political party, the German Workers’ Party, on January 5, 1919. The party’s founders had strong anti-Semitic and nationalist underpinnings and sought to promote a paramilitary Friekorps culture that would target the scourge of communism. Adolf Hitler Joins the Party After his service in the German Army (Reichswehr) during World War I, Adolf Hitler had difficulty reintegrating into civilian society. He eagerly accepted a job serving the Army as a civilian spy and informant, a task that required him to attend meetings of German political parties identified as subversive by the newly formed Weimar government. This job appealed to Hitler, particularly because it allowed him to feel that was still serving a purpose to the military for which he would have eagerly given his life. On September 12, 1919, this position took him to a meeting of the German Worker’s Party (DAP). Hitler’s superiors had previously instructed him to remain quiet and simply attend these meetings as a non-descript observer, a role he was able to accomplish with success until this meeting. Following a discussion on Feder’s views against capitalism, an audience member questioned Feder and Hitler quickly rose to his defense. No longer anonymous, Hitler was approached after the meeting by Drexler who asked Hitler to join the party. Hitler accepted, resigned from his position with the Reichswehr and became member #555 of the German Worker’s Party. (In reality, Hitler was the 55th member, Drexler added the 5 prefix to the early membership cards to make the party appear larger than it was in those years.) Hitler Becomes Party Leader Hitler quickly became a force to be reckoned within the party. He was appointed to be a member of the party’s central committee and in January 1920, he was appointed by Drexler to be the party’s Chief of Propaganda. A month later, Hitler organized a party rally in Munich that was attended by over 2000 people. Hitler made a famous speech at this event outlining the newly created, 25-point platform of the party. This platform was drawn up by Drexler, Hitler, and Feder. (Harrer, feeling increasingly left out, resigned from the party in February 1920.) The new platform emphasized the party’s volkisch nature of promoting a unified national community of pure Aryan Germans. It placed blame for the nation’s struggles on immigrants (mainly Jews and Eastern Europeans) and stressed excluding these groups from the benefits of a unified community that thrived under nationalized, profit-sharing enterprises instead of capitalism. The platform also called for over-turning the tenants of the Treaty of Versailles and reinstating the power of the German military that Versailles had severely restricted. With Harrer now out and the platform defined, the group decided to add in the word â€Å"Socialist† into their name, becoming the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) in 1920. Membership in party rose rapidly, reaching over 2,000 registered members by the end of 1920. Hitler’s powerful speeches were credited with attracting many of these new members. It was because of his impact that party members were deeply troubled by his resignation from the party in July 1921 following a movement within the group to merge with the German Socialist Party (a rival party who had some overlapping ideals with the DAP). When the dispute was resolved, Hitler rejoined the party at the end of July and was elected party leader two days later on July 28, 1921. Beer Hall Putsch Hitler’s influence on the Nazi Party continued to draw members. As the party grew, Hitler also began to shift his focus more strongly towards antisemitic views and German expansionism. Germany’s economy continued to decline and this helped increase party membership. By the fall of 1923, over 20,000 people were members of the Nazi Party. Despite Hitler’s success, other politicians within Germany did not respect him. Soon, Hitler would take action that they could not ignore. In the fall of 1923, Hitler decided to take the government by force through a putsch (coup). The plan was to first take over the Bavarian government and then the German federal government. On November 8, 1923, Hitler and his men attacked a beer hall where Bavarian-government leaders were meeting. Despite the element of surprise and machine guns, the plan was soon foiled. Hitler and his men then decided to march down the streets but were soon shot at by the German military. The group quickly disbanded, with a few dead and a number injured. Hitler was later caught, arrested, tried, and sentenced to five years at Landsberg Prison. Hitler, however, only served eight months, during which time he wrote Mein Kampf. As a result of the Beer Hall Putsch, the Nazi Party was also banned in Germany. The Party Begins Again Although the party was banned, members continued to operate under the mantle of the â€Å"German Party† between 1924 and 1925, with the ban officially ending on February 27, 1925. On that day, Hitler, who had been released from prison in December 1924, re-founded the Nazi Party. With this fresh start, Hitler redirected the party’s emphasis toward strengthening their power via the political arena rather than the paramilitary route. The party also now had a structured hierarchy with a section for â€Å"general† members and a more elite group known as the â€Å"Leadership Corps.† Admission into the latter group was through a special invitation from Hitler. The party re-structuring also created a new position of Gauleiter, which was regional leaders that were tasked with building party support in their specified areas of Germany. A second paramilitary group was also created, the Schutzstaffel (SS), which served as the special protection unit for Hitler and his inner circle. Collectively, the party sought success via the state and federal parliamentary elections, but this success was slow to come to fruition. National Depression Fuels Nazi Rise The burgeoning Great Depression in the United States soon spread throughout the world. Germany was one of the countries to be most affected by this economic domino effect and the Nazis benefitted from the rise in both inflation and unemployment in the Weimar Republic. These problems led Hitler and his followers to begin a broader campaign for public support of their economic and political strategies, blaming both the Jews and communists for their country’s backward slide. By 1930, with Joseph Goebbels working as the party’s chief of propaganda, the German populace was really starting to listen to Hitler and the Nazis. In September 1930, the Nazi Party captured 18.3% of the vote for the Reichstag (German parliament). This made the party the second-most influential political party in Germany, with only the Social Democratic Party holding more seats in the Reichstag. Over the course of the next year and a half, the Nazi Party’s influence continued to grow and in March 1932, Hitler ran a surprisingly successful presidential campaign against aged World War I hero, Paul Von Hindenburg. Although Hitler lost the election, he captured an impressive 30% of the vote in the first round of the elections, forcing a run-off election during which he captured 36.8%. Hitler Becomes Chancellor The Nazi Party’s strength within the Reichstag continued to grow following Hitler’s presidential run. In July 1932, an election was held following a coup on the Prussian state government. The Nazis captured their highest number of votes yet, winning 37.4% of the seats in the Reichstag. The party now held the majority of the seats in the parliament. The second-largest party, the German Communist Party (KPD), held only 14% of the seats. This made it difficult for the government to operate without the support of a majority coalition. From this point forward, the Weimar Republic began a rapid decline. In an attempt to rectify the difficult political situation, Chancellor Fritz von Papen dissolved the Reichstag in November 1932 and called for a new election. He hoped that support for both of these parties would drop below 50% total and that the government would then be able to form a majority coalition to strengthen itself. Although the support for the Nazis did decline to 33.1%, the NDSAP and KDP still retained over 50% of the seats in the Reichstag, much to Papen’s chagrin. This event also fueled the Nazis’ desire to seize power once and for all and set in motion the events that would lead to Hitler’s appointment as chancellor. A weakened and desperate Papen decided that his best strategy was to elevate the Nazi leader to the position of chancellor so that he, himself, could maintain a role in the disintegrating government. With the support of media magnate Alfred Hugenberg, and new chancellor Kurt von Schleicher, Papen convinced President Hindenburg that placing Hitler into the role of chancellor would be the best way to contain him. The group believed that if Hitler were given this position then they, as members of his cabinet, could keep his right-wing policies in check. Hindenburg reluctantly agreed to the political maneuvering and on January 30, 1933, officially appointed Adolf Hitler as the chancellor of Germany. The Dictatorship Begins On February 27, 1933, less than a month after Hitler’s appointment as Chancellor, a mysterious fire destroyed the Reichstag building. The government, under the influence of Hitler, was quick to label the fire arson and place the blame on the communists. Ultimately, five members of the Communist Party were put on trial for the fire and one, Marinus van der Lubbe, was executed in January 1934 for the crime. Today, many historians believe that the Nazis set the fire themselves so that Hitler would have a pretense for the events that followed the fire. On February 28, at the urging of Hitler, President Hindenburg passed the Decree for the Protection of the People and the State. This emergency legislation extended the Decree for the Protection of the German People, passed on February 4. It largely suspended the civil liberties of the German people claiming that this sacrifice was necessary for personal and state safety. Once this â€Å"Reichstag Fire Decree† was passed, Hitler used it as an excuse to raid the offices of the KPD and arrest their officials, rendering them nearly useless despite the results of the next election. The last â€Å"free† election in Germany took place on March 5, 1933. In that election, members of the SA flanked the entrances of polling stations, creating an atmosphere of intimidation that led to the Nazi Party capturing their highest vote total to-date, 43.9% of the votes. The Nazis were followed in the polls by the Social Democratic Party with 18.25% of the vote and the KPD, which received 12.32% of the vote. It was not surprising that the election, which occurred as a result of Hitler’s urging to dissolve and reorganize the Reichstag, garnered these results. This election was also significant because the Catholic Centre Party captured 11.9% and the German National People’s Party (DNVP), led by Alfred Hugenberg, won 8.3% of the vote. These parties joined together with Hitler and the Bavarian People’s Party, which held 2.7% of the seats in the Reichstag, to create the two-thirds majority that Hitler needed to pass the Enabling Act. Enacted on March 23, 1933, the Enabling Act was one of the final steps on Hitler’s path to becoming a dictator; it amended the Weimar constitution to allow Hitler and his cabinet to pass laws without Reichstag approval. From this point forward, the German government functioned without input from the other parties and the Reichstag, which now met in the Kroll Opera House, was rendered useless. Hitler was now fully in control of Germany. World War II and the Holocaust Conditions for minority political and ethnic groups continued to deteriorate in Germany. The situation worsened after President Hindenburg’s death in August 1934, which allowed Hitler to combine the positions of president and chancellor into the supreme position of Fà ¼hrer. With the official creation of the Third Reich, Germany was now on a path to war and attempted racial domination. On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland and World War II began. As the war spread throughout Europe, Hitler and his followers also increased their campaign against European Jewry and others that they had deemed undesirable. Occupation brought a large number of Jews under German control and as a result, the Final Solution was created and implemented; leading to the death of over six million Jews and five million others during an event known as the Holocaust. Although the events of the war initially went in Germany’s favor with the use of their powerful Blitzkrieg strategy, the tide changed in the winter of early 1943 when the Russians stopped their Eastern progress at the Battle of Stalingrad. Over 14 months later, German prowess in Western Europe ended with the Allied invasion at Normandy during D-Day. In May 1945, just eleven months after D-day, the war in Europe officially ended with the defeat of Nazi Germany and the death of its leader, Adolf Hitler. Conclusion At the end of World War II, the Allied Powers officially banned the Nazi Party in May 1945. Although many high-ranking Nazi officials were put on trial during a series of post-war trials in the years following the conflict, the vast majority of rank and file party members were never prosecuted for their beliefs. Today, the Nazi party remains illegal in Germany and several other European countries, but underground Neo-Nazi units have grown in number. In America, the Neo-Nazi movement is frowned upon but not illegal and it continues to attract members.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Within a recovery peer support model of care explore and discuss the Essay

Within a recovery peer support model of care explore and discuss the lived experience and impact of suicide in Australia, within an adult population - Essay Example opportunity to choose a meaningful life, empowerment, and valuing lives of patients with health problems to be equal to those without health problems (Cedereke & Ojehagen, 2007). Peer support is crucial to implement recovery focused services. Even though recovery is an internal process, health services can foster the process in collaboration between peer support specialists and mental health services. Peer support specialists serve as liaison to health professionals, interpreting, and in some cases they act as mediators between staff and service users (Constantino, Sekula & Rubinstein, 2001). They can also challenge unacknowledged discrimination and stigma because they emphasize of full community inclusion in symptom management. For this reason, peer support services have been successful in improving user satisfaction since they enable the development of a collaborative model of treatment. Also, they can access wider support services. Peer support intervention programs provide opportunity to victims who have recovered to participate in helping others to direct their own recoveries by educating them on quality of life. Peer support program has proved to be effective because it reduces isolation and increases emphatic responses. Research indicates that the impacts of the treatment services improve when a former victim serves as a peer specialist in management. Some studies have ranked the importance of various forms of relationships as support in different ways while other are used as strategies for coping with mental illness and suicidal prevention. Lack of family support is a problem for the onset of an increase in depression and suicidal among adults (Mead, Hilton & Curtis, 2001). Research suggested that parental support at a younger age is vital. The evaluation of self-help groups in suicide prevention has demonstrated positive impacts. Therapy work is necessary for suicide vulnerable individuals and those approaching a different level in the recovery stage.

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Reference Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reference Paper - Essay Example Success stories are not created overnight and single-handedly and to say that most have been fashioned as a result of solitary efforts would be to make an assumption that has no basis in reality. The examples of this phenomenon abound in every walk of life. Movies and literature are teeming with success stories that talk of people and how the support that they received has played a great role in giving them the success that they have today. An excellent example of such a ‘person’ who achieved success as a result of the support that was given to him along his path to success is the character of â€Å"Babe† in the movie of the same name. Known as â€Å"Babe -the gallant pigâ€Å", this movie depicts the character of a pig who is raised on a farm owned by Farmer Hoggett, by a family of border collies and who aspires to be a sheep-dog one day. Babe is well liked by every animal on the farm as he is a friendly and polite animal, something which turns out to be the very secret behind his eventual success as a â€Å"sheep-dog†. The movie highlights the relationship that Babe has with most resident animals of the farm and how he is taught the value of politeness by â€Å"Maa†, the elderly ewe who also lives on the farm. The family of sheep dogs that raise Babe have a condescending attitude towards the other animals on the farm and they view most other animals as ‘stupid’. The ewe tells Babe that he too can become a sheep-dog and he can substitute his weaknesses by working on his strategy and ’asking’ the sheep to move, rather than to force them or to treat them roughly. As a result of this, babe, in spite of his small size and stature, is able to impress farmer Hogget with his abilities when he herds the chickens on the farm one day, separating the brown ones from the white. As a result of this, Farmer Hoggett decides to take Babe to the field the next day where he again impresses the farmer by his uncanny ability to guide and herd the sheep and in doing so, Babe

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Responsibility of Ethics Essay Example for Free

Responsibility of Ethics Essay Ethical standing among community members and business persons is held in high regard.   The matter of trust needs to be had at all times so that people know that their information is safe.   When ethical issues arise, somewhere, somehow there has to be someone who is able and willing to stand up and report the unethical issue.   All professionals are bound by ethics and the responsibility to report wrong doing. In this case, the widow’s attorney is charging the widow 12-14% more than his average percentage with respects to his other clients.    Normal everyday ethics suggest that not only is he acting in bad ethics but obviously is taking advantage of this widow.   Charlie, even if not mandated by law or administrative rule, should inform the widow.   This would be the right and respectful thing to do but is Charlie mandated by any code of ethics to act on this information and inform her is the real question. Charlie, even though he is not the person creating the ethical situation, is bound by ethical codes to inform this widow at the very least but more appropriately the governing agency, of the actions of her attorney.  Ã‚   As stated in the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct for CPA’s â€Å"members should act with integrity, guided by the precept that when members fulfill their responsibility to the public, clients and employers interests are best served.† (ET Section 53 Article II—The Public Interest, ET Section 52 Article I—Responsibilities, ET Section 54 Article III—Integrity    ET Section 56 Article V—Due Care of the AICPA). The biggest ethical issue is honesty, integrity and the personal gain issues.   The attorney stands to gain a substantial amount of money, well more than what he should for his services.   The code of ethics for attorney’s alone is violated is drastic ways.   Some states have statutes on how an attorney charges their client and some rely of good ethical behavior but this aside, attorneys are to charge only what is fair and consistent with how they charge everyone else. This attorney is violating a huge public interest and the widow can file a complaint and the attorney stands to lose his liscense to practice law.   Charlie can also intervene and simply make a phone call to the governing agency as this particular information that he knows, is not bound by the confidentiality laws as this information was derived not by the widows words but by the admittance of the attorney in which there is no confidentiality as there is no client issue due to the fact that Charlie is not asking for advice and the lawyer is not giving it. Works Cited AICPA Code of Professional Conduct.   2006-2008.   http://www.aicpa.org/About/code/sec50.htm New Jersey Judiciary. Office of Attorney Ethics. 2001 http://www.judiciary.state.nj.us/oae/OAEEthicsPamphlet.pdf

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Spiritual Healing :: essays research papers fc

An Exploration of Spiritual Healing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout time, mankind has constantly been seeking ways to maintain their health and to cure those that had not been so fortunate in that task. Just about everything has been experimented with as a cure for some type of illness; whether physical or mental. There is also a third type of illness that can and is addressed, which is healing on the spiritual plan. According to research, most of the spiritual healers are concentrated in primitive societies and undeveloped areas of the world. However, there are still undertones of reliance on spiritual healing in modern medicine today and there are some in civilized, well developed parts of the world that have rejected modern medicine all together and adopted alternative healing methods. Even a person who does not believe in a higher being actually takes part in this type cure simply by allowing the chemical medicines in his/her body to mend what is wrong. No matter what class of society a person is in, no matter how a dvanced that particular country is, there will always be traces of spiritual healing if not all-out practicing of it; and it is and will continue to be a significant part of any healing process, large or small.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are numerous names for spiritual healers, but for simplicity’s sake and the fact that the concentration is on American Indian Medicine, all spiritual healers will be lumped together as ‘Shaman’ unless otherwise specified. This does not mean that all healers will hold the same beliefs, or that a particular belief is not even held by a group known as Shamans, but rather a different type of healer. The grouping is just so that a detailed and confusing explaination of all the subsections of healers. If necessary, there will be specifications. Again , for clarification, definitions are provided to clear up any confusion. A Shaman is a person anchored securely in both the physical world and the spiritual realm-- a mediator if you will(Shamanism 1). Therefore, Shamanism is a way of life revolving around interaction of the spiritual and physical worlds(Shamanism). The Shaman does not solely exist as other humans do; they lead a totally different life in conjunction with their earthly duties within their tribe. The two are not separate by any means; one has direct impact on the other, or so it is believed by those who study this form of healing.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Bureaucratic Organization And The Learning Process

This paper talks about a bureaucratic organization in detail. It focuses however on the learning aspect in an organization that means how conducive the entire working environment is there. This promotion of a learning environment is essential in effective growth of a company or whichever organization that undertakes the learning process as part of their work. The argument that surrounds this entire paper is essentially that how well a bureaucratic organization deals with this aspect of efficiency by inculcating within it the process of subliminal learning.The argument arises when it is said that there is not much learning undertaken in a typical bureaucratic organization. Introduction At the onset of the industrial revolution, at the end of the eighteenth century, many small shops around villages etc. were transformed into big factories by centralizing their power. There are two main practices that are talked about when the term â€Å"bureaucratic organization† is mentioned. T hese two main theories are: †¢ Weber’s ideal bureaucracy †¢ Taylor’s scientific management Both these concepts talk about compartmentalization and labor resource.These two factors according the theories are very important in determining what exactly is meant by efficiency in work at the workplace. Taylor’s scientific management Taylor talked about analysis undertaken at the workplace with respect to working behavior. His study which was very detailed and conclusive, analyzed labor work at a factory where there were machines involved also. His aim was to improve efficiency while also making sure that per unit costs decrease of the output or the product/s that are being produced.The role of the research was to make sure that the human labor involved were basically machines that could be replaced or exchanged with each other when there is a lack in one’s performance for instance. (Kimble, n. d. ) His idea originated from that one time when he condu cted observational studies on workers who were doing repetitive jobs. He called these repetitive jobs and the employees/ lower level factory workers tasks as â€Å"soldiering†. He claimed that an efficient way or the best method of doing each job should be determined and then taught to all the workers.This, according to him would make sure that the worker’s productivity goes up and the workers would also feel like they are indulging into quality work for the organization; thereby also leading motivating them. He said that there are many forces at work that contribute towards the actual production of output. These factors involved are the internal human characteristics, the physical environment, social atmosphere, the task itself. The task itself would involve things like the kind of work involved (manual or automated), speed with which it can be done etc.For this purpose he designed time motion studies to measure how workers contribute to the output. (Kimble, n. d. ) T aylor found out that as the products involved more and more complex, and then the workers’ productivity increased thereby too. And eventually the entire middle management of the factor itself emerged as a new layer therein. Departmentalization took place resulting into more efficient allocation of resources. (Kimble, n. d. ) The Ideal Bureaucracy – Max Weber (1864 – 1920) Max Weber was the actual proponent of bureaucracy.He talked about having a form of organization that incorporates into itself use of written and formal documents. Moreover, most people take the term â€Å"bureaucracy† as something that has monarchy or an authoritarian style of leadership or management. This is the view that Weber promoted. At the time when capitalism was very much in an influential state, concept of this type of management was introduced. It had/ has the interplay of maximization of the production or the output, while also making sure that input prices and costs are mini mized.Hence, this is the point where Taylor also agrees when the latter talks about efficiency in allocation and management of resources while doing work. (Kimble, n. d. ) Weber categorized many concepts that he thought are related to this type of administration and management. These he called as the core factors or rudiments that are there in such an organization. These are: †¢ Efficiency first of all †¢ Impersonality †¢ Logical sequence of activities and events Weber further illustrated and clarified the role of bureaucracy by saying how the structure of such a firm is controlled from above.Hence, there is centralization of power only at the top and most of time no one else has any authority in making or trying to undertake any decisions involving the organization’s functions and activities. (Kimble, n. d. ) Weber said that such an organization hence has more chances of succeeding in its lifecycle development since there is no meddling of affairs in the hands of those who are not directly involved in the organization. He gave the example of the army or the forces, by saying that they have success in the performance of their goals since they have centralized authority and power at the top.This results in giving of and hence following of the direct orders of the entire team in the army. (Kimble, n. d. ) Weber proclaimed that along with the power at the top, there is also power and authority at the managing level or the â€Å"head† of each level in the hierarchy. He said such organizations are more effective and stable. (Kimble, n. d. ) Learning Process in Organizations There are many companies today that indulge in many different activities involving various perspectives. This means that they have the kind of perspectives that they think are effective to do the work that are involved in.now, putting these vague concepts together it can be said that a learning organization indulges into subliminal knowledge sharing that promotes the presence and activation of a conducive environment. Facilitation of learning on each employee’s part in an organization along with changes, results in a learning process. (Smith, 2001) There is widespread opening up of people’s capacities which mean that each individual has a fair chance of learning in the process of working for this organization.There can be an amalgamation of many employee’s ideas and thoughts that could result into changes in the organization in future which would contribute towards its development. There is inspiration, aspirations, hopes and dreams, aiming to achieve success and more and more developments in a positive way. This can be made possible when there is an adequate amount of openness that promotes giving value through each employee or the member of an organization. (Farago & Skyrme, 1995) Learning levels or types:It is not just training and teaching that is part of a learning organization, rather it is also about how the developm ent of each member’s capacities is enhanced, thereby providing benefits to the entire organization on the whole (Smith, 2001). There are different types of learning, these are: Level 1: facts, processes, procedures in learning Level 2: job skills development Level 3: adaptability to a changing environment (for the better good of the organization) Level 4: innovating and fostering people’s creativity.Characteristics of a learning organization: These are pointed out below as discussed by Smith (2001): †¢ Culture that promotes learning †¢ Processes involved that promote interaction and development of human potential by discovery †¢ Group and individual learning e. g. problem solving techniques †¢ Acquiring of skills and thereby attaining motivation So, is Bureaucracy Not Consistent with Learning? It is general notion and a common belief that a bureaucratic organization is not very welcoming of a learning environment.This is because when there is contro l directed at everyone from the top then there is not much learning that takes place. This is certain of the fact that usually in a bureaucratic organization the focus is on efficient control and advancement with promotion of power that the lower level workers (for each head respectively that is) are subjected to. (Smith, 2001) In most extreme cases, it is even said that these two types of organizations, learning organization and a bureaucratic organization, are two extremes of a pole.And there is often impossibility of having learning in a bureaucratic organization. In contemporary times, many companies have also focused on changing from a bureaucratic organization to a learning organization as being part of one of their main strategic aims. Many theorists have said that the commercial importance of a learning organization is also increasing with the passage of time. This also handles competition well and makes sure that efficiency is kept in line with that of the worker’s i nvolved. (Smith, 2001)How can an Organization be made a Learning Organization? A lot has been said about organizations that run on bureaucracy, and have no or minimal aspects of learning involved. The very important question here is hence that how can organizations be made to function in a way that promotion of a learning culture is done. This could be a step by step procedure that could involve learning as part of its components while also catering bureaucracy as the main type of its management (Kline, 1997; Senge 2006). Techniques:An environment could be created that promotes such type of learning and thereby help in advancement of the organization in the most effective manner. Many things could happen including: †¢ Having an environment of inquiry and that of allowing free flow of information †¢ Creativity and allowing for innovative ideas †¢ Efficient organization and coordination of information †¢ Making quick decisions and allowing for flexibility in decisi on making in general †¢ Conducting observation studies to document and verify this later†¢ Making sure that new learned information and knowledge is amalgamated into the new procedures and policies to incorporate changes thereby Henceforth, it is clear that to have a bureaucratic organization changed into a learning organization if not wholly then at least partially, it is highly essential that there is a collective or a team effort to start off with. Also, there should be many teams and groups there which have easy interaction so that there is an ease in information flow. Nothing should stay hidden which can help in imparting knowledge even if it’s implicit knowledge (which is usually the case).(Farago & Skyrme, 1995) Skills involved: †¢ Communication †¢ Observation and a listening atmosphere †¢ Strengthening of colleague to colleague and boss to colleague relationships †¢ Sustainment of each other at the workplace †¢ Having a holistic appr oach towards everything †¢ Accepting confrontations and challenges positively †¢ Accepting change †¢ Being flexible and open to new trends/ ideas †¢ Fostering one's own development of capacities by also helping others to do so with their own Taking out elements that make an organization not a â€Å"learning† organization:This section deals with how an organization can help itself by taking out all these factors that do not extend towards the organization being able to benefit from learning and knowledge sharing. There are hence many obstacles or hindrances that can render a bureaucratic organization not take advantage of learning. The following pointers could be related to a supervisor at a bureaucratic organization. These are: †¢ Being traditional and seeing everything from the â€Å"I-own† perspective rather than from the â€Å"I-share† perspective†¢ Being too focused on systems and procedures themselves rather than being apprecia tive of sharing information overall †¢ Being overly rejective of change †¢ Having hidden feelings †¢ Having hidden personal goals and ideas and not sharing them †¢ Not having empowerment done †¢ Having materialistic view of everything around them Success factors in changing: There are many factors hence that can be solved when taking these into account. Some of the success factors are: †¢ Start at the top †¢ Prioritize things †¢ Be active rather than passive †¢ Do correct diagnose of acute issues †¢ Link things together†¢ Allow for mutual feedback (top to bottom, and also bottom to top) †¢ Allow for new ideas and product development †¢ Think out of the box †¢ Role-playing; this can be particularly helpful to these people who think that power is everything and now its effective usage †¢ Energizing, specializing behavior (Farago & Skyrme, 1995; Kalling & Styhre; 2006) Works Cited Farago J and Skyrme D. (1995) T he learning organization. Retrieved November 3, 2008, from http://www. skyrme. com/insights/3lrnorg. htm Smith, M. K. (2001) The learning organization, the encyclopedia of informal education, Retrieved November 3, 2008, from http://www.infed. org/biblio/learning-organization. htm. Kimble, C. (n. d. ). Bureaucratic organizations. Retrieved November 3, 2008, from http://www. chris-kimble. com/Courses/mis/Bureaucratic_Organisations. html Huysman, M. H. and de Wit, D. H. (2002) Knowledge Sharing in Practice. Springer Kalling, T. and Styhre, A. (2003). Knowledge Sharing in Organizations Kline, P. (1997) Ten Steps to a learning organization. Great River Books Senge, P. (2006) The Fifth Discipline: The Art & Practice of The Learning Organization. Double Day Business

Sunday, November 10, 2019

How Technology Has Changed the World Essay

The world has surely changes a lot in just a few years. The life people are living right now is way different than the life people used to live some years back. And if there’s something responsible for this change, it’s technology. Technology has surely changed the world. It has also changed or thoughts about gadgets and other technological stuffs. Technology is that one thing that has been evolving each and every day making life of people simpler and easier. Technology is something that everyone is fond of. Doesn’t mater if it’s a 5 year old boy or a 60 year old man,. everyone is interested int technology Technology has changed the way we look at out lives. Technology has brought a drastic change in your life. In our parents time, the term â€Å"Luxury† referred to Gold, Silver, acres of land they owned. But now, the most luxurious products are â€Å"Gadgets† or technological innovations. Technology has become everything for people. You want to decorate your house, you go for a big 65†³ led TV. You love music, you go and get a 5.1 Woofer which gives enough bass to shake the whole building. What you have describes your class. Anyone today wants to stay updated. No matter who you are, you will need to know about technology if you don’t want to be called a fool. Technology has inspired a lot of us including me. So, let us all stay updated and know about gadgets. Read more:  How Technology Changed Our Lives

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Why Its Dangerous to Mix Bleach With Alcohol or Acetone

Why It's Dangerous to Mix Bleach With Alcohol or Acetone Mixing chemicals can be a bad idea, particularly if one of the chemicals is bleach. You may be aware household bleach gives off dangerous fumes when mixed with bases, such as ammonia, and acids, such as vinegar, but did you know its also risky to mix it with alcohol or acetone?  Bleach reacts with alcohol or acetone to form chloroform, a chemical that could knock you out and cause organ damage. Making Chloroform: The Haloform Reaction Chloroform is an example of a haloform (CHX3, where X is a halogen). Any of the halogens can participate in the reaction, except fluorine because its intermediate is too unstable. A methyl ketone (molecule with R-CO-CH3 group) is halogenated in the presence of a base. Acetone and alcohol are two examples of compounds that can participate in the reaction. The reaction is used industrially to produce chloroform, iodoform, and bromoform (although there are other reactions better for chloroform). Historically, its one of the oldest known organic reactions. Georges-Simon Serullas made iodoform in 1822 from reacting potassium metal in a solution of ethanol (grain alcohol) and water. Phosgene Many online sources mention the production of highly toxic phosgene (COCl2) from mixing bleach with alcohol or acetone. This is a chemical with practical applications, but may be best known as a deadly chemical weapon known to have an odor of musty hay. Mixing bleach with the other chemicals doesnt produce phosgene, however, chloroform breaks down into phosgene over time. Commercially available chloroform contains a stabilizing agent to prevent this degradation, plus it is stored in dark amber bottles to reduce exposure to light, which can hasten the reaction. How Mixing Could Occur While you wouldnt put bleach in a mixed drink, you might use it to clean up a spill or use it in a cleaning project with alcohol-containing glass cleaner. Acetone is found in pure form and in some nail polish removers. The bottom line: Avoid mixing bleach with anything except water. Chloroform can also result from disinfection of water using bleach. If the water contains high enough levels of reactive impurities, haloform and other carcinogenic chemicals may be produced. What Should I Do If I Mix Them? Chloroform has a sweet smell, very unlike that of bleach. If you mix bleach with another chemical and suspect a nasty fume was produced, you should: Open a window or otherwise air out the area. Avoid breathing in the gas.Leave at once until the vapor has had time to dissipate. If you feel faint or sick, be sure  another person is aware of the situation.Make certain children, pets, and other household members avoid the area until youre sure its okay. Usually, the concentration of chemicals is low enough that the amount of toxic chemical is low. However, if youre using reagent grade chemicals, like for a lab experiment to intentionally make chloroform, exposure warrants emergency medical attention. Chloroform is a central nervous system depressant. Exposure can knock you out, while high doses can lead to coma and death. Remove yourself from the area to avoid additional exposure! Also, please keep in mind that chloroform is known to induce tumors in rats and mice. Even low exposure isnt healthy. Chloroform: Fun Fact In books and movies, criminals use chloroform-soaked rags to knock out their victims. While chloroform has been used in some real-life crimes, its actually almost impossible to knock someone out with it. About five minutes of constant inhalation is needed to cause unconsciousness.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

The Original Jurisdiction of the U.S. Supreme Court

The Original Jurisdiction of the U.S. Supreme Court While the vast majority of cases considered by the U.S. Supreme Court come to it in the form of an appeal to a decision by one of the lower federal or state appeals courts, a few but important categories of cases can be taken directly to the Supreme Court under its â€Å"original jurisdiction.† Original jurisdiction is the power of a court to hear and decide a case before it has been heard and decided by any lower court. In other words, it is a court’s power to hear and decide a case before any appellate review. The Fastest Track to the Supreme Court As originally defined in Article III, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution, and now codified in federal law at 28 U.S.C.  § 1251. Section 1251(a), the Supreme Court has original jurisdiction over four categories of cases, meaning parties involved in these types of cases can take them directly to the Supreme Court, thus bypassing the usually lengthy appeals court process. In the Judiciary Act of 1789, Congress made the Supreme Courts original jurisdiction exclusive in suits between two or more states, between a state and a foreign government, and in suits against ambassadors and other public ministers. Today, it is assumed that the Supreme Courts jurisdiction over other types of suits involving the states was to be concurrent or shared, with the state courts. The categories of cases falling under the Supreme Court’s original jurisdiction are: Controversies between two or more states;All actions or proceedings to which ambassadors, other public ministers, consuls, or vice consuls of foreign states are parties;All controversies between the United States and a state; andAll actions or proceedings by a state against the citizens of another state or against aliens. In cases involving controversies between states, federal law gives the Supreme Court both original- and â€Å"exclusive†- jurisdiction, meaning such cases may be heard only by the Supreme Court.   In its 1794 decision in the case of Chisholm v. Georgia, the Supreme Court stirred controversy when it ruled that Article III granted it original jurisdiction over suits against a state by a citizen of another state. Both Congress and the states immediately saw this as a threat to the sovereignty of the states and reacted by adopting the Eleventh Amendment, which states: â€Å"The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.†Ã‚   Marbury v. Madison: An Early Test An important aspect of the Supreme Court’s original jurisdiction is that its Congress cannot expand its scope. This was established in the bizarre â€Å"Midnight Judges† incident, which led to the Court’s ruling in the landmark 1803 case of Marbury v. Madison. In February 1801, newly elected President, Thomas Jefferson - an Anti-Federalist - ordered his acting Secretary of State James Madison not to deliver commissions for appointments for 16 new federal judges who had been made by his Federalist Party predecessor, President John Adams. One of the snubbed appointees, William Marbury, filed a petition for a writ of mandamus directly in the Supreme Court, on the jurisdictional grounds that the Judiciary Act of 1789 stated that the Supreme Court shall have power to issue †¦ writs of mandamus ... to any courts appointed, or persons holding office, under the authority of the United States.† In its first use of its power of judicial review over acts of Congress, the Supreme Court ruled that by expanding the scope of the Court’s original jurisdiction to include cases involving presidential appointments to the federal courts, Congress had exceeded its constitutional authority.  Ã‚   Few, but Important Cases Of the three ways in which cases may reach the Supreme Court (appeals from lower courts, appeals from state supreme courts, and original jurisdiction), by far the fewest cases are considered under the Court’s original jurisdiction. On average, only two to three of the nearly 100 cases heard annually by the Supreme Court are considered under original jurisdiction. However, many are still important cases. Most original jurisdiction cases involve border or water rights disputes between two or more states, meaning they can only be resolved by the Supreme Court. For example, the now famous original jurisdiction case of Kansas v. Nebraska and Colorado involving the rights of the three states to use the waters of the Republican River was first placed on the Court’s docket in 1998 and was not decided until 2015.   Other major original jurisdiction might involve lawsuits filed by a state government against a citizen of another state. In the landmark 1966 case of South Carolina v. Katzenbach, for example, South Carolina challenged the constitutionality of the federal Voting Rights Act of 1965 by suing U.S. Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach, a citizen of another state at the time. In its majority opinion written by revered Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Supreme Court rejected South Carolina’s challenge finding that the Voting Rights Act was a valid exercise of Congress power under the enforcement clause of the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution. Original Jurisdiction Cases and Special Masters’ The Supreme Court deals differently with cases considered under its original jurisdiction than those reaching it through its more traditional â€Å"appellate jurisdiction.† In original jurisdiction cases dealing with disputed interpretations of the law or the U.S. Constitution, the Court itself will usually hear traditional oral arguments by attorneys on the case. However, in cases dealing with disputed physical facts or actions, as often happens because they have not been heard by a trial court, the Supreme Court usually appoints a â€Å"special master† to the case. The special master- usually an attorney retained by the Court- conducts what amounts to a trial by gathering evidence, taking sworn testimony and making a ruling. The special master then submits a Special Master Report to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court then considers the special master’s ruling in the same manner as a regular federal appeals court would, rather than conducting its own trial. Next, the Supreme Court decides whether to accept the special master’s report or to hear arguments over the disagreements with the special master’s report. Finally, the Supreme Court decides the case by voting in its traditional manner, along with written statements of concurrence and dissent. Original Jurisdiction Cases Can Take Years to Decide While most cases that reach the Supreme Court on appeal from lower courts are heard and ruled on within a year after being accepted, original jurisdiction cases assigned to a special master can take months, even years to settle. The special master must basically â€Å"start from scratch† in handling the case. Volumes of pre-existing briefs and legal pleadings by both parties must be read and considered by the master. The master may also need to hold hearings in which arguments by the lawyers, evidence, and witness testimony may be presented. This process results in thousands of pages of records and transcripts that must be compiled, prepared and weighed by the special master. For example, the original jurisdiction case of Kansas v. Nebraska and Colorado involving disputed rights to water from the Republican River was accepted by the Supreme Court in 1999. Four reports from two different special masters later, the Supreme Court finally ruled on the case 16 years later in 2015. Thankfully, the people of Kansas, Nebraska, and Colorado had other sources of water.